A stream cipher is a type of symmetric-key cipher that encrypts data one bit or one byte at a time as it is streamed through the cipher. Stream ciphers operate by generating a stream of key bits that are combined with the plaintext (unencrypted data) using a bitwise exclusive-or (XOR) operation to produce the ciphertext (encrypted data).

One advantage of stream ciphers is that they can be very fast, as they only require a simple XOR operation for each bit or byte of data. They are also relatively simple to implement and can be used in real-time applications where data needs to be encrypted as it is transmitted.

However, stream ciphers can also be vulnerable to attacks if the key stream is not properly generated or is reused. It is important to use strong keys and key generation techniques in order to ensure the security of a stream cipher.

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